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Exploring the Western Districts of Old Istanbul
If you have at least four days in Istanbul, you’ll have enough time to visit the city's essential sights while also venturing west to explore hidden historical gems. From Ottoman mosques and Byzantine churches to the legendary city walls, this area showcases Istanbul’s deep and complex history.
Located about 750 meters northwest of the Valens Aqueduct on Fevzi Paşa Caddesi, Fatih Mosque is a monumental example of Ottoman imperial architecture. You can reach it by taking a dolmuş from Aksaray or Taksim to the municipal building (belediye sarayı) and walking five blocks. Alternatively, take any bus or dolmuş heading toward Fatih or Edirnekapı.
Commissioned by Sultan Mehmed II (Mehmed the Conqueror) and completed in 1470, this was the first great imperial mosque built after the conquest of Constantinople. The original structure was vast, housing religious schools, a hospice, a caravanserai, and other charitable establishments. However, after an earthquake in the 18th century, the mosque was rebuilt under Sultan Abdul Hamid I, adopting a different architectural plan.
Originally built in the 5th century, the Church of the Holy Saviour in Chora was later enclosed within the city walls. It became a mosque after the Ottoman conquest, functioned as a museum for much of the 20th century, and has recently been reconverted into a mosque.
The church is most famous for its breathtaking mosaics and frescoes, dating back to 1320, which illustrate:
The genealogy of Christ, tracing his lineage back to Adam.
The life of the Virgin Mary and the ministry of Christ.
The Dormition of the Virgin, a striking fresco showing her passing.
To reach Chora Church, take any bus toward Edirnekapı along Fevzi Paşa Caddesi. It is an essential stop for Byzantine art lovers.
Located in the historic Fener district, the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople has been the spiritual center of Orthodox Christianity since 1601. Inside the Patriarchal complex, the Church of St. George (Aya Yorgi Kilisesi) houses sacred relics, ancient icons, and the Patriarchal Throne, which dates back over a thousand years.
Key highlights include:
The relics of St. John Chrysostom and St. Gregory the Theologian, two of Christianity’s most important saints.
The Column of Flagellation, believed to be where Christ was whipped before the crucifixion.
The Patriarchate is easily accessible by bus, ferry, or taxi from Eminönü or Balat.
Just south of Fener, Balat is one of Istanbul’s most picturesque and historically rich neighborhoods. Once home to a large Jewish community, Balat today is famous for its vibrant, colorful houses, steep cobbled streets, and charming cafés.
What to explore in Balat:
Ahrida Synagogue – One of Istanbul’s oldest synagogues, dating back to the 15th century.
Balat's Instagram-famous houses – Rows of beautifully restored Ottoman houses in bright colors.
Agora Tavern – A historic Greek tavern that has served visitors since the 1890s.
Balat is perfect for a leisurely walk, where history and culture blend with modern artistic touches.
A short walk west of Chora Church brings you to the Byzantine city walls. Following them north, you’ll reach Tekfur Palace, also known as the Palace of Constantine Porphyrogenitus. Built in the 14th century, it is one of the last-standing remnants of Byzantine imperial architecture.
Although now just a shell, Tekfur Palace still showcases stunning arched windows and intricate brickwork. It is officially open on Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Sundays, from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM.
Built in the 5th century, the Theodosian Walls protected Constantinople for over 1,000 years, resisting countless sieges. They fell only twice—first to the Crusaders in 1204, and then to Mehmed the Conqueror in 1453.
Recently, Istanbul Municipality has restored sections of the walls, and for the first time, visitors can climb to the top at Mevlanakapı. This new attraction offers panoramic views of the city and is expected to boost tourism, much like the Great Wall of China.
One of Istanbul’s most spiritually significant sites, the Eyüp Sultan Mosque was built in 1458 to honor Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, the companion of Prophet Muhammad, who died during the first Muslim siege of Constantinople.
The mosque is a major pilgrimage site for Muslims, and the surrounding district features traditional Ottoman cemeteries and a peaceful atmosphere.
For one of the best panoramic views of the Golden Horn, take the Eyüp cable car to Pierre Loti Hill. This hill is named after Pierre Loti, a French writer and admirer of Istanbul.
At the top, enjoy a traditional Turkish tea or coffee at the historic Pierre Loti Café, while overlooking the breathtaking Golden Horn.
Originally built as the Church of Theotokos Pammakaristos, this site was converted into a mosque in the 16th century.
To reach it from Chora Church, walk back toward Fevzi Paşa Caddesi, take Neşter Sokak, and follow the Fethiye Caddesi uphill. The mosque will be visible at the top.
Exploring Istanbul’s western districts takes you on a journey through time, from the Ottoman grandeur of Fatih Mosque and the spiritual heart of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, to the artistry of Chora Church and the defensive might of the Theodosian Walls.
With recent restorations making many of these sites more accessible, and new attractions like the Mevlanakapı city walls and Pierre Loti Hill, this region is becoming one of Istanbul’s most exciting historical destinations.
Whether you're interested in Byzantine heritage, Ottoman splendor, or breathtaking views, the Western Districts of Istanbul offer an unforgettable experience.
Wed, Mar 26, 2025 10:16 AM
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